Children with RAD disorders may have difficulty forming connections with others. They often have anger problems and struggle to express emotions. They have an underdeveloped conscience and don’t show guilt or remorse for their misbehavior.

Often, these behaviors are triggered by trauma or neglect from the primary caretakers of the child. These are usually parents, but can also be siblings or other relatives. The caretakers may have mental illness, substance abuse, or other problems that interfere with their ability to provide consistent nurturing. They could have been victims of physical, sexual, or emotional abuse. The neglect might be due to family breakups, incarceration, or parental death.

RAD in Teens: Challenges and Interventions

When a child experiences these circumstances, the bonds that form with their primary caregivers in early life become disturbed. The child’s attachment style will influence their mental health and future relationships. Those with RAD tend to have trouble connecting with others, but they can develop healthier bonds by receiving compassionate support and psychotherapy.

The earlier RAD is recognized, the more effective treatment will be. It’s important to identify it in infants and toddlers when the symptoms are easier to notice. These include an avoidance of eye contact, a lack of cooing or other sounds, and excessive crying that doesn’t stop when consoled.

RAD is more challenging to identify in older children and adolescents. They can exhibit signs like withdrawal and an aversion to touch and physical affection, but they might also have control issues or show little interest in playing with others. They might be very impulsive or aggressive and have a hard time following directions.